ContaminantDB: Lead styphnate

Identification Taxonomy Biological Properties Physical Properties Toxicity Profile Spectra Concentrations Links References Targets (54)XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2009-03-06 18:58:33 UTC

Update Date

2026-04-06 07:48:12 UTC

Accession Number

CHEM000283

Identification

Common Name

Lead styphnate

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Lead styphnate belongs to the nitrophenols, a subclass of phenols within the organic compounds. This exogenous compound has the formula C6HN3O8Pb and an average molecular weight of 450.30 g/mol. It is a solid at room temperature and is classified as a benzenoid. It is used as a detonator. The compound is present in high impact polystyrene and is used in several plastics, including polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyamide, polyurethane, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, polypropylene, low-density polyethylene, and high-density polyethylene. Recorded sources for its release include electrical and electronic equipment, specifically electric switches, antennas, emergency protective devices, relays, and cores yokes or armatures. Lead styphnate interacts with various protein targets. It binds to sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases, including subunits alpha-1 (ATP1A1), alpha-2 (ATP1A2), alpha-3 (ATP1A3), and gamma (FXYD2). It exhibits competitive inhibition with calcium at protein kinase C, including types alpha (PRKCA), beta (PRKCB), delta (PRKCD), and epsilon (PRKCE), which alters the blood-brain barrier and impairs brain microvascular function and formation. It also shows competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor, affecting proteins GRIN2A, GRIN2B, GRIN2C, and GRIN3A. Lead binds to ACBP (acyl-CoA-binding protein), affecting insulin secretion, steroidogenesis, and the regulation of acyl-CoA metabolism. Additionally, it binds to thymosin beta-4, an immunotransmitter involved in the stimulation of CaM-dependent kinases and cytoskeleton modulation. Lead inhibits ferrochelatase (FECH) and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), preventing the biosynthesis of heme. Finally, it competitively inhibits calcium's binding of calmodulin, which interferes with neurotransmitter release and alters cAMP messenger pathways.

Contaminant Sources

HPV EPA Chemicals
T3DB toxins

Contaminant Type

Industrial/Workplace Toxin
Inorganic Compound
Lead Compound
Organic Compound
Pollutant
Synthetic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
Lead styphnic acid	Generator

Chemical Formula

C₆HN₃O₈Pb

Average Molecular Mass

450.300 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

450.953 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

15245-44-0

IUPAC Name

Not Available

Traditional Name

λ²-lead(2+) ion 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3-bis(olate)

SMILES

[Pb++].[O-]C1=C(C([O-])=C(C=C1[N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C6H3N3O8.Pb/c10-5-2(7(12)13)1-3(8(14)15)6(11)4(5)9(16)17;/h1,10-11H;/q;+2/p-2

InChI Key

WETZJIOEDGMBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-L

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as metal p-nitrophenoxides. These are para-nitrophenoxide derivatives that are linked to a metal atom.

Kingdom

Super Class

Class

Sub Class

Direct Parent

Metal p-nitrophenoxides

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Metal p-nitrophenoxide
Nitrobenzene
Nitroaromatic compound
Phenoxide
Monocyclic benzene moiety
C-nitro compound
Organic nitro compound
Organic oxoazanium
Allyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
Organic nitrogen compound
Organic salt
Organic lead salt
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Organic oxide
Organopnictogen compound
Organic oxygen compound
Aromatic homomonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

Not Available

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Pathways

Not Available

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

Not Available

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

Orange/yellow solid.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.83 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	1.45	ALOGPS
logP	1.19	ChemAxon
logS	-2.8	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	1.25	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-8.2	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-2	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	8	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	183.58 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	3	ChemAxon
Refractivity	73.09 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	16.96 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0a4i-0000900000-e41bcf9cd9596596039c	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0a4i-0000900000-e41bcf9cd9596596039c	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0a4i-0000900000-e41bcf9cd9596596039c	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-0a4i-0000900000-c2f9558b4d4165da41e7	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0a4i-0000900000-c2f9558b4d4165da41e7	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0a4i-0000900000-c2f9558b4d4165da41e7	Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Route of Exposure

Oral (7) ; inhalation (7); dermal (7)

Mechanism of Toxicity

Lead mimics other biologically important metals, such as zinc, calcium, and iron, competing as cofactors for many of their respective enzymatic reactions. For example, lead has been shown to competitively inhibit calcium's binding of calmodulin, interferring with neurotransmitter release. It exhibits similar competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor and protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Lead also affects the nervous system by impairing regulation of dopamine synthesis and blocking evoked release of acetylcholine. However, it's main mechanism of action occurs by inhibiting delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, an enzyme vital in the biosynthesis of heme, which is a necesssary cofactor of hemoglobin. (9, 2, 3, 7)

Metabolism

Lead is absorbed following inhalation, oral, and dermal exposure. It is then distributed mainly to the bones and red blood cells. In the blood lead may be found bound to serum albumin or the metal-binding protein metallothionein. Organic lead is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 enzymes, whereas inorganic lead forms complexes with delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. Lead is excreted mainly in the urine and faeces. (7)

Toxicity Values

Not Available

Lethal Dose

10 to 30 grams for and adult human (lead salts). (10)

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

Organic lead compounds are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). To the extent that organic lead compounds are metabolized in part to ionic lead, they are expected to exert the toxicities associated with inorganic lead (Group 2A, probably carcinogenic to humans). (6)

Uses/Sources

Lead styphnate is used as a detonator. (8)

Minimum Risk Level

Chronic Inhalation: 0.05 mg/m3 (5)

Health Effects

Lead is a neurotoxin and has been known to cause brain damage and reduced cognitive capacity, especially in children. Lead exposure can result in nephropathy, as well as blood disorders such as high blood pressure and anemia. Lead also exhibits reproductive toxicity and can results in miscarriages and reduced sperm production. (4)

Symptoms

Symptions of chronic lead poisoning include reduced cognitive abilities, nausea, abdominal pain, irritability, insomnia, metal taste in the mouth, excess lethargy or hyperactivity, chest pain, headache and, in extreme cases, seizures, comas, and death. There are also associated gastrointestinal problems, such as constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, poor appetite, weight loss, which are common in acute poisoning. (1, 4)

Treatment

Lead poisoning is usually treated with chelation therapy using DMSA, EDTA, or dimercaprol. (4)

Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

Not Available

HMDB ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

Not Available

METLIN ID

Not Available

PDB ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Lead styphnate

Chemspider ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound ID

61789

Kegg Compound ID

Not Available

YMDB ID

Not Available

ECMDB ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

MSDS

Not Available

General References

Not Available

Lead styphnate (CHEM000283)

Structure for CHEM000283: Lead styphnate