T3D1221

1225 T3D1221

Copper(II) hydroxide sulfate

Copper(II) hydroxide sulfate is an exogenous solid with the formula C17H25NO and an average molecular weight of 259.39 g/mol. Copper(II) hydroxide sulfate belongs to the phenylpiperidines, a subclass of piperidines within the organic compounds. The compound interacts with six recorded protein targets. It binds to alpha-synuclein (SNCA), which initiates protein aggregation and likely contributes to the development of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. It also binds the N-terminal region of amyloid precursor protein (APP), promoting the generation of beta-amyloid, which is believed to contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Additionally, copper inhibits sulfhydryl group enzymes, including serum paraoxonase/lactonase 3 (PON3), serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 (PON1), mitochondrial glutathione reductase (GSR), and glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase (G6PD), which protect the cell from free oxygen. Copper hepatotoxicity is believed to occur when hepatocyte lysosomes, where excess copper is complexed with metallothionein, become saturated. This leads to copper accumulation in the nucleus and subsequent nuclear damage, possibly resulting from oxidative damage including lipid peroxidation. 1332-03-2

659840

C17H25NO

259.193610 Green powder.

Oral (L277) ; inhalation (L277) ; dermal (L277)

Excess copper is sequestered within hepatocyte lysosomes, where it is complexed with metallothionein. Copper hepatotoxicity is believed to occur when the lysosomes become saturated and copper accumulates in the nucleus, causing nuclear damage. This damage is possibly a result of oxidative damage, including lipid peroxidation. Copper inhibits the sulfhydryl group enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, and paraoxonases, which protect the cell from free oxygen radicals. It also influences gene expression and is a co-factor for oxidative enzymes such as cytochrome C oxidase and lysyl oxidase. In addition, the oxidative stress induced by copper is thought to activate acid sphingomyelinase, which lead to the production of ceramide, an apoptotic signal, as well as cause hemolytic anemia. Copper-induced emesis results from stimulation of the vagus nerve. (L277, T49, A174, L280)

Copper is mainly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, but it can also be inhalated and absorbed dermally. It passes through the basolateral membrane, possibly via regulatory copper transporters, and is transported to the liver and kidney bound to serum albumin. The liver is the critical organ for copper homoeostasis. In the liver and other tissues, copper is stored bound to metallothionein, amino acids, and in association with copper-dependent enzymes, then partitioned for excretion through the bile or incorporation into intra- and extracellular proteins. The transport of copper to the peripheral tissues is accomplished through the plasma attached to serum albumin, ceruloplasmin or low-molecular-weight complexes. Copper may induce the production of metallothionein and ceruloplasmin. The membrane-bound copper transporting adenosine triphosphatase (Cu-ATPase) transports copper ions into and out of cells. Physiologically normal levels of copper in the body are held constant by alterations in the rate and amount of copper absorption, compartmental distribution, and excretion. (L277, L279) 10 to 20 grams for an adult human (copper salts). (T17) No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Acute Oral: 0.01 mg/kg/day (L134) Intermediate Oral: 0.01 mg/kg/day (L134)

People must absorb small amounts of copper every day because copper is essential for good health, however, high levels of copper can be harmful. Very-high doses of copper can cause damage to your liver and kidneys, and can even cause death. Copper may induce allergic responses in sensitive individuals. (L278, L279)

Breathing high levels of copper can cause irritation of the nose and throat. Ingesting high levels of copper can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, and respiratory difficulty. (L278, L279)

2009-06-19T21:58:28Z

2026-08-19T21:35:05Z

High affinity copper uptake protein 1 (O15431) Probable low affinity copper uptake protein 2 (O15432) Serum albumin (P02768) Ceruloplasmin (P00450) Copper-transporting ATPase 1 (Q04656) Copper-transporting ATPase 2 (P35670) Copper transport protein ATOX1 (O00244) Copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (O14618) Cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone (Q14061) Metallothionein-2 (P02795) Metallothionein-1G (P13640) Metallothionein-1H (P80294) Metallothionein-3 (P25713) Metallothionein-1F (P04733) Metallothionein-1E (P04732) Metallothionein-1X (P80297) Metallothionein-1A (P04731) Metallothionein-1B (P07438) Metallothionein-1M (Q8N339) Metallothionein-4 (P47944) Metallothionein-1L (Q93083) (L277, A176)

Copper(II) hydroxide sulfate

true

O[C@@H]1CCCC[C@H]1N1CCC(CC1)C1=CC=CC=C1

C17H25NO

InChI=1S/C17H25NO/c19-17-9-5-4-8-16(17)18-12-10-15(11-13-18)14-6-2-1-3-7-14/h1-3,6-7,15-17,19H,4-5,8-13H2/t16-,17-/m1/s1

YSSBJODGIYRAMI-IAGOWNOFSA-N

259.3865

259.193614427

Exogenous Solid 3.2

CHEMBL20730

573766

CHEM001044

NS00127035

trans-(1R,2R)-2-(4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)cyclohexan-1-ol

23.47

79.14940000000003

31.647455075700837

14.596862582921208

9.931595969338918

3.91

-3.21

1.60e-01 g/l

Organic compounds Organoheterocyclic compounds Piperidines Phenylpiperidines

CED0002392

YSSBJODGIYRAMI-IAGOWNOFSA-N

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2026-09-19T04:00:02Z