T3D1227

1231 T3D1227

Copper tartrate

Copper tartrate is an exogenous solid compound with the formula C4H4CuO6 and an average molecular weight of 211.62 g/mol. Copper tartrate belongs to the beta hydroxy acids and derivatives, a subclass of hydroxy acids and derivatives within the organic compounds. Recorded sources for this compound include electrical and electronic equipment, specifically magnets, power cables, and thin magnetic films. The compound interacts with several protein targets. Copper binds to alpha-synuclein (SNCA), initiating protein aggregation and likely contributing to the development of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. It also binds the N-terminal region of amyloid precursor protein (APP), promoting the generation of beta-amyloid, which is believed to contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Additionally, copper inhibits sulfhydryl group enzymes that protect cells from free oxygen, including glutathione reductase mitochondrial (GSR), glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase (G6PD), serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 (PON1), and serum paraoxonase/lactonase 3 (PON3). Copper hepatotoxicity is thought to occur when lysosomes become saturated and copper accumulates in the nucleus, causing nuclear damage possibly resulting from oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation. 27004-40-6

2734041

C4H4CuO6

210.930390 White powder.

Oral (L277) ; inhalation (L277) ; dermal (L277)

Excess copper is sequestered within hepatocyte lysosomes, where it is complexed with metallothionein. Copper hepatotoxicity is believed to occur when the lysosomes become saturated and copper accumulates in the nucleus, causing nuclear damage. This damage is possibly a result of oxidative damage, including lipid peroxidation. Copper inhibits the sulfhydryl group enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, and paraoxonases, which protect the cell from free oxygen radicals. It also influences gene expression and is a co-factor for oxidative enzymes such as cytochrome C oxidase and lysyl oxidase. In addition, the oxidative stress induced by copper is thought to activate acid sphingomyelinase, which lead to the production of ceramide, an apoptotic signal, as well as cause hemolytic anemia. Copper-induced emesis results from stimulation of the vagus nerve. (L277, T49, A174, L280)

Copper is mainly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, but it can also be inhalated and absorbed dermally. It passes through the basolateral membrane, possibly via regulatory copper transporters, and is transported to the liver and kidney bound to serum albumin. The liver is the critical organ for copper homoeostasis. In the liver and other tissues, copper is stored bound to metallothionein, amino acids, and in association with copper-dependent enzymes, then partitioned for excretion through the bile or incorporation into intra- and extracellular proteins. The transport of copper to the peripheral tissues is accomplished through the plasma attached to serum albumin, ceruloplasmin or low-molecular-weight complexes. Copper may induce the production of metallothionein and ceruloplasmin. The membrane-bound copper transporting adenosine triphosphatase (Cu-ATPase) transports copper ions into and out of cells. Physiologically normal levels of copper in the body are held constant by alterations in the rate and amount of copper absorption, compartmental distribution, and excretion. (L277, L279) 10 to 20 grams for an adult human (copper salts). (T17) No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Acute Oral: 0.01 mg/kg/day (L134) Intermediate Oral: 0.01 mg/kg/day (L134)

People must absorb small amounts of copper every day because copper is essential for good health, however, high levels of copper can be harmful. Very-high doses of copper can cause damage to your liver and kidneys, and can even cause death. Copper may induce allergic responses in sensitive individuals. (L278, L279)

Breathing high levels of copper can cause irritation of the nose and throat. Ingesting high levels of copper can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, and respiratory difficulty. (L278, L279)

2009-06-19T21:58:28Z

2026-04-05T19:48:23Z

High affinity copper uptake protein 1 (O15431) Probable low affinity copper uptake protein 2 (O15432) Serum albumin (P02768) Ceruloplasmin (P00450) Copper-transporting ATPase 1 (Q04656) Copper-transporting ATPase 2 (P35670) Copper transport protein ATOX1 (O00244) Copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (O14618) Cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone (Q14061) Metallothionein-2 (P02795) Metallothionein-1G (P13640) Metallothionein-1H (P80294) Metallothionein-3 (P25713) Metallothionein-1F (P04733) Metallothionein-1E (P04732) Metallothionein-1X (P80297) Metallothionein-1A (P04731) Metallothionein-1B (P07438) Metallothionein-1M (Q8N339) Metallothionein-4 (P47944) Metallothionein-1L (Q93083) (L277, A176)

Copper tartrate

true

[Cu++].OC(C(O)C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O

C4H4CuO6

InChI=1S/C4H6O6.Cu/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10;/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10);/q;+2/p-2

RSJOBNMOMQFPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L

211.617

210.930388939

Exogenous Solid

2015799

CHEM001050

NS00083666

120.72

47.887600000000006

10.822152417830324

2.7190410038171646

-4.330574673439462

-2

-0.74

-0.51

8.27e+01 g/l

Organic compounds Organic acids and derivatives Hydroxy acids and derivatives Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives

CED0003521

RSJOBNMOMQFPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L

40000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000002000000000000000000004000000000000000040000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020000000000000001000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008000000000000000000000400000000000000000000000000000000

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

776t3gAAAAAQAAAAAwAAAAAAAAALAAAACQAAAIABHSCCAAAAAgEIAGAAAAAB AQYAYAAAAAMBBgBgAAAAAwEIAGAAAAABAQYAKAAAAAMECCAqAAAA/wMBCAAo AAAAAwIGACgAAAADBAggKgAAAP8DAQgAKAAAAAMCCwECAAIDAAMEAAMFAAUG IAUHKAICCAAICSAICigCQgAAAAAXBAAAAAAAAAAW

2026-09-19T04:00:02Z