Nystatin is an exogenous solid compound with the chemical formula C47H75NO17. Nystatin belongs to the carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates, a subclass of organooxygen compounds within the organic compounds. With an average molecular weight of 926.11 g/mol, Nystatin is a heavy molecule.
This polyene antifungal drug is effective against many yeasts and molds, including Candida spp. While it is considered a relatively safe drug for treating gastrointestinal or oral fungal infections, it is not absorbed across mucous membranes or intact skin. However, toxicity is associated with the drug when administered intravenously. Recorded exposure routes for the compound include topical, oral, vaginal, and inhalation.
Nystatin is found in or released from twelve recorded sources. Within healthcare, pharmaceuticals, and veterinary products, it is utilized as an antibiotic, a gynecological agent, an intestinal antiinfective, a component in combinations of antibacterials, and an antifungal for dermatological use. Additionally, it is associated with household cleaning and consumer products, specifically other smoking requisites. It is also found in food, food processing, and cookware, including the preparation of vinegar, wort, and malt. Further recorded sources include electrical and electronic equipment, such as thin magnetic films, electric hearing aids, and antennas.
Oral, topical(intravaginal). Nystatin is not absorbed from intact skin or mucous membrane.
Mechanism of Toxicity
Nystatin interacts with 14-α demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme necessary for the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol. This results in inhibition of ergosterol synthesis and increased fungal cellular permeability. Nystatin exerts its antifungal activity by binding to ergosterol found in fungal cell membranes. Binding to ergosterol causes the formation of pores in the membrane. Potassium and other cellular constituents leak from the pores causing cell death.
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Uses/Sources
Used to treat cutaneous, vaginal, mucosal and esophageal Candida infections. Nystatin is often used as prophylaxis in patients who are at risk for fungal infections, such as AIDS patients with a low CD4+ count and patients receiving chemotherapy.[Wikipedia]
Minimum Risk Level
Not Available
Health Effects
Tachycardia, bronchospasm, facial swelling, and non-specific myalgia have also been rarely reported.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome has been reported very rarely. (3)
Symptoms
Diarrhea (including one case of bloody diarrhea), nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal upset/disturbances. Rash, including urticaria has been reported rarely. (3)
