9-cis-Retinoic acid (CHEM002268)

IdentificationTaxonomyBiological PropertiesPhysical PropertiesToxicity ProfileSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesTargets (28)XML
Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2009-07-21 20:27:36 UTC
Update Date2026-05-14 16:47:59 UTC
Accession NumberCHEM002268
Identification
Common Name9-cis-Retinoic acid
ClassSmall Molecule
DescriptionTretinoin, also known as all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), is a naturally occurring derivative of vitamin A (retinol). Retinoids such as tretinoin are important regulators of cell reproduction, proliferation, and differentiation and are used to treat acne and photodamaged skin and to manage keratinization disorders such as ichthyosis and keratosis follicularis. Tretinoin also represents the class of anticancer drugs called differentiating agents and is used in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).
Contaminant Sources
  • Cosmetic Chemicals
  • FooDB Chemicals
  • HPV EPA Chemicals
  • STOFF IDENT Compounds
  • T3DB toxins
  • ToxCast & Tox21 Chemicals
Contaminant Type
  • Antineoplastic Agent
  • Cell Stimulant and Proliferant
  • Drug
  • Ester
  • Food Toxin
  • Keratolytic Agent
  • Metabolite
  • Nutraceutical
  • Organic Compound
  • Synthetic Compound
Chemical Structure
Thumb
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms
ValueSource
(all-e)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic acidChEBI
3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic acid (ecl)ChEBI
AGN 100335ChEBI
all-(e)-Retinoic acidChEBI
all-trans-beta-Retinoic acidChEBI
all-trans-TretinoinChEBI
all-trans-Vitamin a acidChEBI
all-trans-Vitamin a1 acidChEBI
beta-Retinoic acidChEBI
EudynaChEBI
RenovaChEBI
Retin-aChEBI
Retinoic acidChEBI
Retisol-aChEBI
Ro 1-5488ChEBI
SolageChEBI
Stieva-aChEBI
trans-Retinoic acidChEBI
Tretin mChEBI
TretinoinChEBI
VesanoidChEBI
Vitamin a acidChEBI
VitinoinChEBI
all-trans-RetinoateKegg
AvitaKegg
Retin aKegg
(all-e)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoateGenerator
3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoate (ecl)Generator
all-(e)-RetinoateGenerator
all-trans-b-RetinoateGenerator
all-trans-b-Retinoic acidGenerator
all-trans-beta-RetinoateGenerator
all-trans-Β-retinoateGenerator
all-trans-Β-retinoic acidGenerator
b-RetinoateGenerator
b-Retinoic acidGenerator
beta-RetinoateGenerator
Β-retinoateGenerator
Β-retinoic acidGenerator
RetinoateGenerator
trans-RetinoateGenerator
(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoateHMDB
Tretinoin zinc saltHMDB
trans Retinoic acidHMDB
Acid, all-trans-retinoicHMDB
Salt, tretinoin sodiumHMDB
beta all trans Retinoic acidHMDB
beta-all-trans-Retinoic acidHMDB
Acid, vitamin aHMDB
Potassium salt, tretinoinHMDB
Sodium salt, tretinoinHMDB
Acid, beta-all-trans-retinoicHMDB
Tretinoin potassium saltHMDB
Zinc salt, tretinoinHMDB
Acid, retinoicHMDB
Acid, trans-retinoicHMDB
Salt, tretinoin potassiumHMDB
Salt, tretinoin zincHMDB
Tretinoin sodium saltHMDB
all trans Retinoic acidHMDB
Retin-a microHMDB
AtralinHMDB
Tretin-XHMDB
all-trans-Retinoic acidMeSH
Chemical FormulaC20H28O2
Average Molecular Mass300.442 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass300.209 g/mol
CAS Registry Number302-79-4
IUPAC Name(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid
Traditional Nametretinoin
SMILES[H]/C(=C(/[H])\C(\C)=C(/[H])C(O)=O)/C(/[H])=C(\C)/C(/[H])=C(\[H])C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C20H28O2/c1-15(8-6-9-16(2)14-19(21)22)11-12-18-17(3)10-7-13-20(18,4)5/h6,8-9,11-12,14H,7,10,13H2,1-5H3,(H,21,22)/b9-6+,12-11+,15-8+,16-14+
InChI KeySHGAZHPCJJPHSC-YCNIQYBTSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as retinoids. These are oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassPrenol lipids
Sub ClassRetinoids
Direct ParentRetinoids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Retinoic acid
  • Diterpenoid
  • Retinoid skeleton
  • Medium-chain fatty acid
  • Branched fatty acid
  • Methyl-branched fatty acid
  • Fatty acyl
  • Unsaturated fatty acid
  • Fatty acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginEndogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
NameSMPDB LinkKEGG Link
Retinol MetabolismSMP00074 map00830
Applications
Biological Roles
Chemical Roles
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceWhite powder.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point181°C
Boiling PointNot Available
Solubility<0.1 g/100 mL
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0048 g/LALOGPS
logP5.66ALOGPS
logP5.01ChemAxon
logS-4.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)5ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area37.3 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count5ChemAxon
Refractivity97.79 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability36.85 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-000i-2090000000-db078f48efb8038384f2Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0udi-0009000000-12dbd83959268dee6dbfSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-066r-4900000000-31c9262cbbf0bad5b738Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0fsl-9600000000-c6681587f0a9ae7a712eSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0mc0-4941000000-401db468e6db7c5bbb5aSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-0090000000-d05c305f987a713dfaa0Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0udi-0239000000-09da873ecbe1e09a1602Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0002-0090000000-dca272cadb8a3ba3f819Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-016r-9630000000-553ddaf9452713df67eeSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-0390000000-241af7f979164ecfbf34Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0mc0-4941000000-05bed4117d9ed953a2caSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-001i-9400000000-3ecfeb7f6c8384d2a0d3Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0udi-0239000000-2c6852256fcbebe1a2aaSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Positivesplash10-00di-0910000000-a1c1aa8b35e78558cd5bSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0uei-0494000000-28e6366fdd47e8ba2117Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-052r-2980000000-3e7fc78de83c23830416Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-052r-5900000000-ef4d86f8bcf86959f794Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-052b-0090000000-e07ffb4c1e5c63ab1b59Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-052b-0090000000-a0a8411213bbd2543243Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-000i-3690000000-97e6a74798dd69c30ad1Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0zir-0973000000-3040e9e4a1a5448efbcbSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-060c-1950000000-f3b9c9b378f60b8c49a9Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0ar3-5910000000-de22eb65f274483f3f98Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-052b-0090000000-5f942e3b870e7bd0121bSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-0190000000-22b445382d3977280045Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-016r-4900000000-0005b37f6d54a42a84f6Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of Exposure1-31% (topical)
Mechanism of ToxicityTretinoin binds to alpha, beta, and gamma retinoic acid receptors (RARs). RAR-alpha and RAR-beta have been associated with the development of acute promyelocytic leukemia and squamous cell cancers, respectively. RAR-gamma is associated with retinoid effects on mucocutaneous tissues and bone. Although the exact mechanism of action of tretinoin is unknown, current evidence suggests that the effectiveness of tretinoin in acne is due primarily to its ability to modify abnormal follicular keratinization. Comedones form in follicles with an excess of keratinized epithelial cells. Tretinoin promotes detachment of cornified cells and the enhanced shedding of corneocytes from the follicle. By increasing the mitotic activity of follicular epithelia, tretinoin also increases the turnover rate of thin, loosely-adherent corneocytes. Through these actions, the comedo contents are extruded and the formation of the microcomedo, the precursor lesion of acne vulgaris, is reduced. Tretinoin is not a cytolytic agent but instead induces cytodifferentiation and decreased proliferation of APL cells in culture and in vivo. When Tretinoin is given systemically to APL patients, tretinoin treatment produces an initial maturation of the primitive promyelocytes derived from the leukemic clone, followed by a repopulation of the bone marrow and peripheral blood by normal, polyclonal hematopoietic cells in patients achieving complete remission (CR). The exact mechanism of action of tretinoin in APL is unknown.
MetabolismHepatic Half Life: 0.5-2 hours
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Uses/SourcesFor the the induction of remission in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), French-American-British (FAB) classification M3 (including the M3 variant); For the topical treatment of acne vulgaris, flat warts and other skin conditions (psoriasis, ichthyosis congenita, icthyosis vulgaris, lamellar icthyosis, keratosis palmaris et plantaris, epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, senile comedones, senile keratosis, keratosis follicularis (Darier's disease), and basal cell carcinomas.); For palliative therapy to improve fine wrinkling, mottled hyperpigmentation, roughness associated with photodamage.
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsNot Available
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentNot Available
Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDHMDB0001852
FooDB IDFDB022710
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkTretinoin
Chemspider ID392618
ChEBI ID15367
PubChem Compound ID444795
Kegg Compound IDC00777
YMDB IDNot Available
ECMDB IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSLink
General References
1. Solladie, Guy; Girardin, Andre. Highly stereoselective synthesis of vitamin A and all-trans retinoic acid by low-valent titanium induced reductive elimination. Tetrahedron Letters (1988), 29(2), 213-16.
2. Barua AB, Olson JA: Retinoyl beta-glucuronide: an endogenous compound of human blood. Am J Clin Nutr. 1986 Apr;43(4):481-5.
3. Napoli JL, Posch KP, Fiorella PD, Boerman MH: Physiological occurrence, biosynthesis and metabolism of retinoic acid: evidence for roles of cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP) in the pathway of retinoic acid homeostasis. Biomed Pharmacother. 1991;45(4-5):131-43.
4. Giannini G, Di Marcotullio L, Ristori E, Zani M, Crescenzi M, Scarpa S, Piaggio G, Vacca A, Peverali FA, Diana F, Screpanti I, Frati L, Gulino A: HMGI(Y) and HMGI-C genes are expressed in neuroblastoma cell lines and tumors and affect retinoic acid responsiveness. Cancer Res. 1999 May 15;59(10):2484-92.
5. Lee YF, Bao BY, Chang C: Modulation of the retinoic acid-induced cell apoptosis and differentiation by the human TR4 orphan nuclear receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Oct 22;323(3):876-83.
6. Mercader J, Ribot J, Murano I, Felipe F, Cinti S, Bonet ML, Palou A: Remodeling of white adipose tissue after retinoic acid administration in mice. Endocrinology. 2006 Nov;147(11):5325-32. Epub 2006 Jul 13.
7. Natsume N, Kondo S, Matsuyama Y, Sumida K, Inou H, Kawakami N, Sandell LJ, Iwata H: Analysis of cartilage-derived retinoic acid-sensitive protein in cerebrospinal fluid From patients With spinal diseases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001 Jan 15;26(2):157-60.
8. Baron JM, Heise R, Blaner WS, Neis M, Joussen S, Dreuw A, Marquardt Y, Saurat JH, Merk HF, Bickers DR, Jugert FK: Retinoic acid and its 4-oxo metabolites are functionally active in human skin cells in vitro. J Invest Dermatol. 2005 Jul;125(1):143-53.
9. Paez-Pereda M, Kovalovsky D, Hopfner U, Theodoropoulou M, Pagotto U, Uhl E, Losa M, Stalla J, Grubler Y, Missale C, Arzt E, Stalla GK: Retinoic acid prevents experimental Cushing syndrome. J Clin Invest. 2001 Oct;108(8):1123-31.
10. Czernik PJ, Little JM, Barone GW, Raufman JP, Radominska-Pandya A: Glucuronidation of estrogens and retinoic acid and expression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 in human intestinal mucosa. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Oct;28(10):1210-6.
11. Saito S, Kondo S, Mishima S, Ishiguro N, Hasegawa Y, Sandell LJ, Iwata H: Analysis of cartilage-derived retinoic-acid-sensitive protein (CD-RAP) in synovial fluid from patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002 Sep;84(7):1066-9.
12. Meyer E, Lambert WE, De Leenheer AP: Simultaneous determination of endogenous retinoic acid isomers and retinol in human plasma by isocratic normal-phase HPLC with ultraviolet detection. Clin Chem. 1994 Jan;40(1):48-57.
13. Masgrau-Peya E, Salomon D, Saurat JH, Meda P: In vivo modulation of connexins 43 and 26 of human epidermis by topical retinoic acid treatment. J Histochem Cytochem. 1997 Sep;45(9):1207-15.
14. Lopez-Boado YS, Klaus M, Dawson MI, Lopez-Otin C: Retinoic acid-induced expression of apolipoprotein D and concomitant growth arrest in human breast cancer cells are mediated through a retinoic acid receptor RARalpha-dependent signaling pathway. J Biol Chem. 1996 Dec 13;271(50):32105-11.
15. Stewart ME, Benoit AM, Downing DT, Strauss JS: Suppression of sebum secretion with 13-cis-retinoic acid: effect on individual skin surface lipids and implications for their anatomic origin. J Invest Dermatol. 1984 Jan;82(1):74-8.
16. Tse HK, Leung MB, Woolf AS, Menke AL, Hastie ND, Gosling JA, Pang CP, Shum AS: Implication of Wt1 in the pathogenesis of nephrogenic failure in a mouse model of retinoic acid-induced caudal regression syndrome. Am J Pathol. 2005 May;166(5):1295-307.
17. Patel JB, Huynh CK, Handratta VD, Gediya LK, Brodie AM, Goloubeva OG, Clement OO, Nanne IP, Soprano DR, Njar VC: Novel retinoic acid metabolism blocking agents endowed with multiple biological activities are efficient growth inhibitors of human breast and prostate cancer cells in vitro and a human breast tumor xenograft in nude mice. J Med Chem. 2004 Dec 30;47(27):6716-29.
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