3847 Amitraz Amitraz is an exogenous organic compound with the formula C19H23N3 and an average molecular weight of 293.41 g/mol. It exists as a solid at room temperature. Amitraz belongs to the xylenes, a subclass of benzene and substituted derivatives within the organic compounds. This compound is used as a non-systemic acaricide, insecticide, and pesticide synergist, and it has been found to have an insect repellent effect. It is commonly utilized as an insecticide against tick- or mite-infestation of dogs due to being less harmful to mammals. In insects, it causes overexcitation, paralysis, and death via alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, interaction with octopamine receptors of the central nervous system, and the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and monoamine oxidases. Its recorded protein targets include the Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A), C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2), Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), and four other proteins. Amitraz is found in or released from pesticides in agriculture and land management, as well as drinking water and water supply. Recorded exposure routes for the compound include oral, inhalation, and touch. 33089-61-1 C19H23N3 White powder. The pharmacological activity of amitraz includes different mechanisms of action leading to toxic effects in humans as well as in animals. Many of these effects and most of the effects on humans are caused by its alpha-adrenergic agonist activity. Furthermore amitraz inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, interacts with the octopamine receptors of the central nervous system and inhibits monoamine oxidases. Animal studies revealed that damages due to amitraz poisoning can be recovered even after exposure to a potentially lethal dose. This could mean that amitraz' effects are reversible or at least are recoverable. When an amitraz poisoning is lethal, death results from respiratory depression. (Wikipedia) No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). This is a man-made compound that is used as a pesticide. The toxic effects to humans following on amitraz-uptake include loss of consciousness, vomiting, respiratory failure, miosis, hypothermia, bradycardia, hyperglycemia and central nervous system depression. (Wikipedia) In case of an amitraz overdose in humans atipamezole or yohimbine, which act as α2-antagonists, can be used as antidote. Initially it is important to remove the patient from the amitraz contaminated area. When amitraz has been inhaled the patient should first get respiratory protection. Additionally the patient should be supplied with 4 L oxygen per minute. In case of an intoxication via skin-contact, contaminated clothes should be removed first. Affected areas need to be washed with water. If eyes have been exposed to amitraz, anesthesia should be administered and the eyes carefully washed. After the oral intake of amitraz it is important to make the patient drink ca. 0.3 L water to reduce amitraz´ irritating effect on the gullet. Furthermore, it is important to prevent the patient as much as possible from vomiting, to reduce the risk of further aspiration of amitraz. Subsequently, the patient need to be observed for at least 24 hours to ensure that the symptoms do not recur. 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