<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <id type="integer">3946</id>
  <title>T3D3891</title>
  <common-name>Niclosamide</common-name>
  <description>Niclosamide is an exogenous organic compound with the formula C13H8Cl2N2O4 and an average molecular weight of 327.12 g/mol. It exists as a solid at room temperature. Niclosamide belongs to the anilides, a subclass of benzene and substituted derivatives within the organic compounds.

The compound is used for the treatment of most tapeworm infections. Tapeworms, along with flukes and nematodes, are multicellular helminths that infect large numbers of humans and domestic animals. Over 1 billion people are infected with intestinal nematodes, while many millions are infected with flarial nematodes, flukes, and tapeworms.

Niclosamide is associated with 25 recorded sources. These include building and construction materials such as tents, canopies, and floors; food and cookware applications including food preservation and the processing of meats; and household cleaning and consumer products such as soap detergents, perfumes within detergents and soaps, tobacco pipes, cigar cigarettes, and tobacco smoke filters. Additionally, it is found in electrical and electronic equipment, including antennas, amplifiers, contacts, cores yokes or armatures, and conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials.

The compound interacts with 31 recorded protein targets. These targets include the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), collagen alpha-1(III) chain (COL3A1), C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2), C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), and 27 other proteins.</description>
  <cas>50-65-7</cas>
  <pubchem-id>4477</pubchem-id>
  <chemical-formula>C13H8Cl2N2O4</chemical-formula>
  <weight>327.12</weight>
  <appearance>White powder.</appearance>
  <melting-point>230°C</melting-point>
  <boiling-point nil="true"/>
  <density nil="true"/>
  <solubility>1.6 mg/L (at 20°C)</solubility>
  <specific-gravity nil="true"/>
  <flash-point nil="true"/>
  <vapour-pressure nil="true"/>
  <route-of-exposure>Niclosamide appears to be minimally absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract - neither the drug nor its metabolites have been recovered from the blood or urine.</route-of-exposure>
  <target nil="true"/>
  <mechanism-of-toxicity>Niclosamide works by killing tapeworms on contact. Adult worms (but not ova) are rapidly killed, presumably due to uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation or stimulation of ATPase activity. The killed worms are then passed in the stool or sometimes destroyed in the intestine. Niclosamide may work as a molluscicide by binding to and damaging DNA.</mechanism-of-toxicity>
  <metabolism nil="true"/>
  <toxicity nil="true"/>
  <lethaldose nil="true"/>
  <carcinogenicity>No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).</carcinogenicity>
  <use-source>For the treatment of tapeworm and intestinal fluke infections: Taenia saginata (Beef Tapeworm), Taenia solium (Pork Tapeworm), Diphyllobothrium latum (Fish Tapeworm), Fasciolopsis buski (large intestinal fluke). Niclosamide is also used as a molluscicide in the control of schistosomiasis.</use-source>
  <min-risk-level nil="true"/>
  <health-effects nil="true"/>
  <symptoms nil="true"/>
  <treatment nil="true"/>
  <created-at type="dateTime">2013-04-25T07:56:53Z</created-at>
  <updated-at type="dateTime">2026-08-19T03:17:04Z</updated-at>
  <interacting-proteins nil="true"/>
  <wikipedia>Niclosamide</wikipedia>
  <uniprot-id nil="true"/>
  <kegg-compound-id nil="true"/>
  <omim-id nil="true"/>
  <chebi-id>478218</chebi-id>
  <biocyc-id nil="true"/>
  <ctd-id nil="true"/>
  <stitch-id nil="true"/>
  <drugbank-id>DB06803</drugbank-id>
  <pdb-id nil="true"/>
  <actor-id nil="true"/>
  <organism nil="true"/>
  <export type="boolean">true</export>
  <metabolizing-proteins nil="true"/>
  <transporting-proteins nil="true"/>
  <moldb-smiles>OC1=C(C=C(Cl)C=C1)C(=O)NC1=C(Cl)C=C(C=C1)[N+]([O-])=O</moldb-smiles>
  <moldb-formula>C13H8Cl2N2O4</moldb-formula>
  <moldb-inchi>InChI=1S/C13H8Cl2N2O4/c14-7-1-4-12(18)9(5-7)13(19)16-11-3-2-8(17(20)21)6-10(11)15/h1-6,18H,(H,16,19)</moldb-inchi>
  <moldb-inchikey>RJMUSRYZPJIFPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N</moldb-inchikey>
  <moldb-average-mass type="decimal">327.12</moldb-average-mass>
  <moldb-mono-mass type="decimal">325.986112168</moldb-mono-mass>
  <origin>Exogenous</origin>
  <state>Solid</state>
  <logp>3.91</logp>
  <hmdb-id>HMDB15679</hmdb-id>
  <chembl-id>CHEMBL1448</chembl-id>
  <chemspider-id>4322</chemspider-id>
  <structure-image-file-name nil="true"/>
  <structure-image-content-type nil="true"/>
  <structure-image-file-size type="integer" nil="true"/>
  <structure-image-updated-at type="dateTime" nil="true"/>
  <biodb-id nil="true"/>
  <synthesis-reference>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.drugsyn.org/Niclosamide.htm"&gt;DrugSyn.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</synthesis-reference>
  <structure-image-caption nil="true"/>
  <chemdb-id>CHEM002852</chemdb-id>
  <dsstox-id>DTXSID7040362</dsstox-id>
  <toxcast-id nil="true"/>
  <stoff-ident-origin nil="true"/>
  <stoff-ident-id nil="true"/>
  <susdat-id nil="true"/>
  <iupac>5-chloro-N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-hydroxybenzamide</iupac>
  <moldb-polar-surface-area>95.15</moldb-polar-surface-area>
  <moldb-refractivity>80.50670000000001</moldb-refractivity>
  <moldb-polarizability>28.472141785819964</moldb-polarizability>
  <moldb-rotatable-bond-count>3</moldb-rotatable-bond-count>
  <moldb-acceptor-count>4</moldb-acceptor-count>
  <moldb-donor-count>2</moldb-donor-count>
  <moldb-pka-strongest-acidic>6.8869995484430495</moldb-pka-strongest-acidic>
  <moldb-pka-strongest-basic>-4.411725750858949</moldb-pka-strongest-basic>
  <moldb-physiological-charge>-1</moldb-physiological-charge>
  <moldb-number-of-rings>2</moldb-number-of-rings>
  <moldb-alogps-logp>4.49</moldb-alogps-logp>
  <moldb-alogps-logs>-4.61</moldb-alogps-logs>
  <moldb-alogps-solubility>7.99e-03 g/l</moldb-alogps-solubility>
  <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
  <superklass>Benzenoids</superklass>
  <klass>Benzene and substituted derivatives</klass>
  <subklass>Anilides</subklass>
  <paper-count type="integer">1698</paper-count>
  <sync-id>CED0003951</sync-id>
  <structure-inchikey>RJMUSRYZPJIFPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N</structure-inchikey>
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  <structure-indexed-at type="dateTime">2026-09-19T04:00:59Z</structure-indexed-at>
</compound>
