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<compound>
  <id type="integer">4025</id>
  <title>T3D3971</title>
  <common-name>1-Hydroxypyrene</common-name>
  <description>1-Hydroxypyrene (C16H12O) is an organic compound with an average molecular weight of 220.27 g/mol. It exists as a solid at room temperature and is of exogenous origin. 1-Hydroxypyrene belongs to the phenanthrols, a subclass of phenanthrenes and derivatives within the organic compounds.

This compound is a metabolite of pyrene found in urine. It serves as an accepted biomarker for the dose of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). PAHs constitute a diverse group of environmental carcinogens that form during the incomplete combustion of organic matter and are believed to play an important role as causes of human cancer, especially in cigarette smokers and certain occupational settings. 

There are 11 recorded protein targets for 1-hydroxypyrene. These include the estrogen receptor (ESR1), cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9), and the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 (PRKAA1), along with 7 other proteins.</description>
  <cas>5315-79-7</cas>
  <pubchem-id>53481631</pubchem-id>
  <chemical-formula>C16H12O</chemical-formula>
  <weight nil="true"/>
  <appearance>White powder.</appearance>
  <melting-point>180°C</melting-point>
  <boiling-point></boiling-point>
  <density nil="true"/>
  <solubility></solubility>
  <specific-gravity nil="true"/>
  <flash-point nil="true"/>
  <vapour-pressure nil="true"/>
  <route-of-exposure nil="true"/>
  <target nil="true"/>
  <mechanism-of-toxicity nil="true"/>
  <metabolism nil="true"/>
  <toxicity nil="true"/>
  <lethaldose nil="true"/>
  <carcinogenicity>No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).</carcinogenicity>
  <use-source>This is a toxic chemical found in cigarettes or generated by tobacco combustion.</use-source>
  <min-risk-level nil="true"/>
  <health-effects nil="true"/>
  <symptoms nil="true"/>
  <treatment nil="true"/>
  <created-at type="dateTime">2014-08-29T04:48:18Z</created-at>
  <updated-at type="dateTime">2026-04-02T23:29:43Z</updated-at>
  <interacting-proteins nil="true"/>
  <wikipedia nil="true"/>
  <uniprot-id nil="true"/>
  <kegg-compound-id>C14519</kegg-compound-id>
  <omim-id nil="true"/>
  <chebi-id nil="true"/>
  <biocyc-id nil="true"/>
  <ctd-id nil="true"/>
  <stitch-id nil="true"/>
  <drugbank-id nil="true"/>
  <pdb-id nil="true"/>
  <actor-id nil="true"/>
  <organism nil="true"/>
  <export type="boolean">true</export>
  <metabolizing-proteins nil="true"/>
  <transporting-proteins nil="true"/>
  <moldb-smiles>OC1C=CC2=CCC3=C4C(C=CC1=C24)=CC=C3</moldb-smiles>
  <moldb-formula>C16H12O</moldb-formula>
  <moldb-inchi>InChI=1S/C16H12O/c17-14-9-7-12-5-4-10-2-1-3-11-6-8-13(14)16(12)15(10)11/h1-3,5-9,14,17H,4H2</moldb-inchi>
  <moldb-inchikey>CDYIVSAQQUIYKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N</moldb-inchikey>
  <moldb-average-mass type="decimal">220.2659</moldb-average-mass>
  <moldb-mono-mass type="decimal">220.088815006</moldb-mono-mass>
  <origin>Exogenous</origin>
  <state>Solid</state>
  <logp nil="true"/>
  <hmdb-id>HMDB13139</hmdb-id>
  <chembl-id nil="true"/>
  <chemspider-id>20100</chemspider-id>
  <structure-image-file-name nil="true"/>
  <structure-image-content-type nil="true"/>
  <structure-image-file-size type="integer" nil="true"/>
  <structure-image-updated-at type="dateTime" nil="true"/>
  <biodb-id nil="true"/>
  <synthesis-reference nil="true"/>
  <structure-image-caption nil="true"/>
  <chemdb-id>CHEM002931</chemdb-id>
  <dsstox-id>DTXSID1038298</dsstox-id>
  <toxcast-id nil="true"/>
  <stoff-ident-origin nil="true"/>
  <stoff-ident-id nil="true"/>
  <susdat-id>NS00014602</susdat-id>
  <iupac nil="true"/>
  <moldb-polar-surface-area>20.23</moldb-polar-surface-area>
  <moldb-refractivity>71.1061</moldb-refractivity>
  <moldb-polarizability>24.35918496452651</moldb-polarizability>
  <moldb-rotatable-bond-count>0</moldb-rotatable-bond-count>
  <moldb-acceptor-count>1</moldb-acceptor-count>
  <moldb-donor-count>1</moldb-donor-count>
  <moldb-pka-strongest-acidic>13.96419436934368</moldb-pka-strongest-acidic>
  <moldb-pka-strongest-basic>-3.2518613828490732</moldb-pka-strongest-basic>
  <moldb-physiological-charge>0</moldb-physiological-charge>
  <moldb-number-of-rings>4</moldb-number-of-rings>
  <moldb-alogps-logp>3.43</moldb-alogps-logp>
  <moldb-alogps-logs>-4.11</moldb-alogps-logs>
  <moldb-alogps-solubility>1.73e-02 g/l</moldb-alogps-solubility>
  <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
  <superklass>Benzenoids</superklass>
  <klass>Phenanthrenes and derivatives</klass>
  <subklass>Phenanthrols</subklass>
  <paper-count type="integer">1378</paper-count>
  <sync-id>CED0007007</sync-id>
  <structure-inchikey>CDYIVSAQQUIYKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N</structure-inchikey>
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  <structure-indexed-at type="dateTime">2026-09-19T04:01:03Z</structure-indexed-at>
</compound>
