ContaminantDB: Adenosine

Identification Taxonomy Biological Properties Physical Properties Toxicity Profile Spectra Concentrations Links References Targets (11)XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2014-08-29 06:11:54 UTC

Update Date

2026-04-06 04:10:14 UTC

Accession Number

CHEM003235

Identification

Common Name

Adenosine

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Adenosine is a nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. For instance, adenosine plays an important role in energy transfer - as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). It also plays a role in signal transduction as cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP. Adenosine itself is both a neurotransmitter and potent vasodilator. When administered intravenously, adenosine causes transient heart block in the AV node. Because of the effects of adenosine on AV node-dependent supraventricular tachycardia, adenosine is considered a class V antiarrhythmic agent.

Contaminant Sources

Cosmetic Chemicals
FooDB Chemicals
HMDB Contaminants - Feces
HMDB Contaminants - Urine
STOFF IDENT Compounds
T3DB toxins
ToxCast & Tox21 Chemicals

Contaminant Type

Amine
Analgesic
Animal Toxin
Anti-Arrhythmia Agent
Cardiovascular Agent
Drug
Ether
Food Toxin
Metabolite
Natural Compound
Organic Compound
Vasodilator Agent

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-Aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol	ChEBI
6-Amino-9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine	ChEBI
9-beta-D-Ribofuranosidoadenine	ChEBI
9-beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine	ChEBI
Ade-rib	ChEBI
Adenine deoxyribonucleoside	ChEBI
Adenocard	ChEBI
Adenocor	ChEBI
Adenoscan	ChEBI
Adenosin	ChEBI
Adenyldeoxyriboside	ChEBI
Ado	ChEBI
beta-D-Adenosine	ChEBI
Deoxyadenosine	ChEBI
Desoxyadenosine	ChEBI
6-Amino-9-b-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine	Generator
6-Amino-9-β-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine	Generator
9-b-D-Ribofuranosidoadenine	Generator
9-Β-D-ribofuranosidoadenine	Generator
9-b-D-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine	Generator
9-Β-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine	Generator
b-D-Adenosine	Generator
Β-D-adenosine	Generator
1-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose	HMDB
1-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-beta-delta-ribofuranose	HMDB
6-Amino-9beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine	HMDB
6-Amino-9beta-delta-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine	HMDB
9-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine	HMDB
9-beta-D-Ribofuranosyladenine	HMDB
9-beta-delta-Arabinofuranosyladenine	HMDB
9-beta-delta-Ribofuranosidoadenine	HMDB
9-beta-delta-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine	HMDB
9-beta-delta-Ribofuranosyladenine	HMDB
9beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine	HMDB
9beta-D-Ribofuranosyladenine	HMDB
9beta-delta-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine	HMDB
9beta-delta-Ribofuranosyladenine	HMDB
Adenine nucleoside	HMDB
Adenine riboside	HMDB
Adenine-9beta-D-ribofuranoside	HMDB
Adenine-9beta-delta-ribofuranoside	HMDB
beta-Adenosine	HMDB
beta-delta-Adenosine	HMDB
Boniton	HMDB
Myocol	HMDB
Nucleocardyl	HMDB
Sandesin	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₁₀H₁₃N₅O₄

Average Molecular Mass

267.241 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

267.097 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

58-61-7

IUPAC Name

(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol

Traditional Name

adenosine

SMILES

NC1=C2N=CN([C@@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)C2=NC=N1

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C10H13N5O4/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(18)6(17)4(1-16)19-10/h2-4,6-7,10,16-18H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1

InChI Key

OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine nucleosides. Purine nucleosides are compounds comprising a purine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues

Class

Purine nucleosides

Sub Class

Not Available

Direct Parent

Purine nucleosides

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Purine nucleoside
Glycosyl compound
N-glycosyl compound
6-aminopurine
Pentose monosaccharide
Imidazopyrimidine
Purine
Aminopyrimidine
Monosaccharide
N-substituted imidazole
Pyrimidine
Imidolactam
Tetrahydrofuran
Azole
Imidazole
Heteroaromatic compound
Secondary alcohol
Organoheterocyclic compound
Azacycle
Oxacycle
Organic oxygen compound
Organic nitrogen compound
Alcohol
Organonitrogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organopnictogen compound
Organooxygen compound
Amine
Primary alcohol
Primary amine
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds

External Descriptors

adenosines (CHEBI:16335 )
Ribonucleosides (C00212 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Endogenous

Cellular Locations

Extracellular
Lysosome
Membrane
Mitochondria

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

All Tissues

Pathways

Name	SMPDB Link	KEGG Link
Purine Metabolism	SMP00050	map00230
Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency	SMP00144	Not Available

Applications

Biological Roles

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

White powder.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	235.5°C
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	8230 mg/L

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	14 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-1.2	ALOGPS
logP	-2.1	ChemAxon
logS	-1.3	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	12.45	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	3.92	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	8	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	4	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	139.54 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	2	ChemAxon
Refractivity	63.2 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	25.28 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	3	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (4 TMS)	splash10-0f7w-1890000000-5c70a5423faa5e8eceaf	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (4 TMS)	splash10-001v-0691000000-8f88854b7d5adec5c558	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)	splash10-001s-0790000000-cc3bcd977e11efd4ea25	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (4 TMS)	splash10-00di-9460000000-3ae19bfaa5d2df72f9b1	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS)	splash10-0gc0-0590000000-05874cecded3009c1f4d	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (4 TMS)	splash10-0fsv-1792000000-b37fd6826f28aaf9e825	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0f7w-1890000000-5c70a5423faa5e8eceaf	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-001v-0691000000-8f88854b7d5adec5c558	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-001s-0790000000-cc3bcd977e11efd4ea25	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-9460000000-3ae19bfaa5d2df72f9b1	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0gc0-0590000000-05874cecded3009c1f4d	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0fsv-1792000000-b37fd6826f28aaf9e825	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0a4v-9560000000-986f3b1dfa5d898ed7a2	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-01c4-6912500000-ae103f43432726c1ad22	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_4) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_4) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_5) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_6) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-014r-0890000000-588861a9494ab4680698	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-000i-1900000000-dd7cbed8e76c6e783831	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-000i-2900000000-c6644520b5943b59403d	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-014i-0090000000-3d4fd8ea211eaed10531	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-0900000000-cb58ec56a5faa09c9a02	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-0900000000-9559aa07ec13a688fb16	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-0900000000-f7c1371d8e1058df3a32	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative	splash10-001i-0940000000-da71247788bf1ba222e2	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative	splash10-001i-0920000000-f2e8ec028abdd674b5e3	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative	splash10-001i-0910000000-815ed65588c07415cd65	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative	splash10-001i-1910000000-2780e737da8848411c4f	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative	splash10-053r-1900000000-c6c1128990661334c15b	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive	splash10-014i-0090000000-106e7131507fadd4befb	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive	splash10-000i-0910000000-1c53823486cd2c23f90e	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive	splash10-000i-0900000000-f0313435db4847490fd6	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive	splash10-000i-1900000000-dcd4c2972882dcd7535a	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive	splash10-000i-2900000000-5ee474864189cef6df64	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positive	splash10-000i-0900000000-17edf36faf6eb5750912	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positive	splash10-000i-0900000000-0591143763a0bad31c23	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positive	splash10-014i-0290000000-f1d71a97ce39145c8e31	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) 30V, Positive	splash10-00kr-0950000000-9bbdbb14aed287ad5ac8	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negative	splash10-001i-0910000000-35f90965f1f3c2b3236b	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positive	splash10-000i-0900000000-f360cca994696d7ae735	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-000i-0940000000-42bee9785f9b55b32eea	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-000i-0900000000-c8cda6a661ace060572c	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
2D NMR	[1H,1H] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
2D NMR	[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Route of Exposure

Not Available

Mechanism of Toxicity

Adenosine slows conduction time through the AV node and can interrupt the reentry pathways through the AV node, resulting in the restoration of normal sinus rhythm in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), including PSVT associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome. This effect may be mediated through the drug's activation of cell-surface A₁ and A₂ adenosine receptors. Adenosine also inhibits the slow inward calcium current and activation of adenylate cyclase in smooth muscle cells, thereby causing relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. By increasing blood flow in normal coronary arteries with little or no increase in stenotic arteries (with little to no increase in stenotic arteries), adenosine produces a relative difference in thallous (thallium) chloride TI 201 uptake in myocardium supplied by normal verus stenotic coronary arteries.

Metabolism

Intracellular adenosine is rapidly metabolized either via phosphorylation to adenosine monophosphate by adenosine kinase, or via deamination to inosine by adenosine deaminase in the cytosol. Half Life: Less than 10 secs

Toxicity Values

Not Available

Lethal Dose

Not Available

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Uses/Sources

Used as an initial treatment for the termination of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PVST), including that associated with accessory bypass tracts, and is a drug of choice for terminating stable, narrow-complex supraventricular tachycardias (SVT). Also used as an adjunct to thallous chloride TI 201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (thallium stress test) in patients who are unable to exercise adequately, as well as an adjunct to vagal maneuvers and clinical assessment to establish a specific diagnosis of undefined, stable, narrow-complex SVT.

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Health Effects

Chronically high levels of adeonsine are associated with Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency.

Symptoms

Not Available

Treatment

Not Available

Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

DB00640

HMDB ID

HMDB0000050

FooDB ID

FDB003554

Phenol Explorer ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

C00007444

BiGG ID

34273

BioCyc ID

ADENOSINE

METLIN ID

PDB ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Chemspider ID

ChEBI ID

PubChem Compound ID

Kegg Compound ID

YMDB ID

ECMDB ID

References

Synthesis Reference

Giorgio Stramentinoli, Federico Gennari, “Process for preparing adenosine derivatives of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.” U.S. Patent US4373097, issued October, 1965.

MSDS

Link

General References

1. Liao, Ben-ren; Yuan, Zhen-wen. Synthesis of adenosine from inosine. Huaxue Shiji (2006), 28(10), 633-634.

2. Schlimme E, Raezke KP, Ott FG: Ribonucleosides as minor milk constituents. Z Ernahrungswiss. 1991 Jun;30(2):138-52.

3. Schlimme E, Martin D, Meisel H: Nucleosides and nucleotides: natural bioactive substances in milk and colostrum. Br J Nutr. 2000 Nov;84 Suppl 1:S59-68.

4. Mung D, Li L: Development of Chemical Isotope Labeling LC-MS for Milk Metabolomics: Comprehensive and Quantitative Profiling of the Amine/Phenol Submetabolome. Anal Chem. 2017 Apr 18;89(8):4435-4443. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03737. Epub 2017 Mar 28.

5. Kurt J. Boudonck, Matthew W. Mitchell, Jacob Wulff and John A. Ryals. Characterization of the biochemical variability of bovine milk using metabolomics. Metabolomics (2009) 5:375?386

6. Liao, Ben-ren; Yuan, Zhen-wen. Synthesis of adenosine from inosine. Huaxue Shiji (2006), 28(10), 633-634.

7. Skalhegg BS, Funderud A, Henanger HH, Hafte TT, Larsen AC, Kvissel AK, Eikvar S, Orstavik S: Protein kinase A (PKA)--a potential target for therapeutic intervention of dysfunctional immune cells. Curr Drug Targets. 2005 Sep;6(6):655-64.

8. Nakayama Y, Kinoshita A, Tomita M: Dynamic simulation of red blood cell metabolism and its application to the analysis of a pathological condition. Theor Biol Med Model. 2005 May 9;2:18.

9. Lee SH, Jung BH, Kim SY, Chung BC: A rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of nucleosides in human urine using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with direct urine injection. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2004;18(9):973-7.