ContaminantDB: SAICAR

Identification Taxonomy Biological Properties Physical Properties Toxicity Profile Spectra Concentrations Links References Targets (26)XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2014-08-29 06:13:39 UTC

Update Date

2026-04-06 12:24:34 UTC

Accession Number

CHEM003241

Identification

Common Name

SAICAR

Class

Small Molecule

Description

SAICAR is an endogenous compound with the formula C13H19N4O12P and an average molecular weight of 454.28 g/mol. It exists as a solid at room temperature and has been detected in the intestine and fibroblasts. SAICAR belongs to the 1-ribosyl-imidazolecarboxamides, a subclass of imidazole ribonucleosides and ribonucleotides within the organic compounds. Its recorded protein target is pyruvate kinase PKM. As an intermediate in purine metabolism, SAICAR serves as a substrate for the multifunctional protein ADE2. It is converted from 5-Amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl) imidazole-4-carboxylate via SAICAR synthase, also known as phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide synthase [EC: 6.3.2.6]. This process represents the seventh of ten steps in the biosynthesis of purine nucleotides. Additionally, the presence of succinyladenosine (S-Ado) and succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide riboside (SAICAriboside) in urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and occasionally plasma is characteristic of a heritable adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency.

Contaminant Sources

FooDB Chemicals
HMDB Contaminants - Urine
T3DB toxins

Contaminant Type

Amine
Animal Toxin
Ether
Food Toxin
Metabolite
Natural Compound
Organic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
(2S)-2-[5-Amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinic acid	ChEBI
(S)-2-[5-Amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinate	ChEBI
1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole	ChEBI
1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-imidazole	ChEBI
5'-Phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole	ChEBI
Succino-aicar	ChEBI
Succinyl-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-ribose-5-phosphate	ChEBI
Succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide ribose-5'-phosphate	ChEBI
(2S)-2-[5-Amino-1-(5-phospho-b-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinate	Generator
(2S)-2-[5-Amino-1-(5-phospho-b-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinic acid	Generator
(2S)-2-[5-Amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinate	Generator
(2S)-2-[5-Amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinate	Generator
(2S)-2-[5-Amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinic acid	Generator
(S)-2-[5-Amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinic acid	Generator
Succinyl-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-ribose-5-phosphoric acid	Generator
Succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide ribose-5'-phosphoric acid	Generator
(S)-2-(5-Amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido)succinate	HMDB
(S)-2-(5-Amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido)succinic acid	HMDB
(S)-2-(5-Amino-1-(5-phospho-delta-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido)succinate	HMDB
(S)-2-(5-Amino-1-(5-phospho-delta-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido)succinic acid	HMDB
(S)-2-[5-Amino-1-(5-phospho-delta-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinate	HMDB
1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-imidazole' 1-(5'-phosphoribosyl)-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole	HMDB
5'-Phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarbozamide)-5-aminoimidazole	HMDB
5-Amino-4-imidazole-N-succinocarboxamide ribonucleotide	HMDB
L-N-[(5-Amino-1-b-D-ribofuranosylimidazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-5'-(dihydrogen phosphate)	HMDB
L-N-[(5-Amino-1-beta-delta-ribofuranosylimidazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-5'-(dihydrogen phosphate)	HMDB
N-(5-Amino-1-ribofuranosylimidazol-4-ylcarbonyl)aspartic acid 5'-phosphate	HMDB
N-[5-Amino-1-(5'-phosphoribofuranosyl)-4-imidazolecarbonyl]aspartate	HMDB
N-[5-Amino-1-(5'-phosphoribofuranosyl)-4-imidazolecarbonyl]aspartic acid	HMDB
Phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide	HMDB
N-(5-Amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carbonyl)-L-aspartic acid 5'-phosphate	HMDB
5'-Phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinylcarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole	HMDB
SAICAR, (D)-isomer	HMDB
SAICAribotide	HMDB
Succinylaminoimidazole carboxamide ribotide	HMDB
SAICA ribotide	HMDB
Succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide ribose-5’-phosphate	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₁₃H₁₉N₄O₁₂P

Average Molecular Mass

454.283 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

454.074 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

3031-95-6

IUPAC Name

Not Available

Traditional Name

saicar

SMILES

NC1=C(N=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C13H19N4O12P/c14-10-7(11(22)16-4(13(23)24)1-6(18)19)15-3-17(10)12-9(21)8(20)5(29-12)2-28-30(25,26)27/h3-5,8-9,12,20-21H,1-2,14H2,(H,16,22)(H,18,19)(H,23,24)(H2,25,26,27)/t4-,5+,8+,9+,12+/m0/s1

InChI Key

NAQGHJTUZRHGAC-ZZZDFHIKSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1-ribosyl-imidazolecarboxamides. These are organic compounds containing the imidazole ring linked to a ribose ring through a 1-2 bond.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues

Class

Imidazole ribonucleosides and ribonucleotides

Sub Class

1-ribosyl-imidazolecarboxamides

Direct Parent

1-ribosyl-imidazolecarboxamides

Alternative Parents

Substituents

1-ribosyl-imidazolecarboxamide
Pentose-5-phosphate
Pentose phosphate
Aspartic acid or derivatives
N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives
N-acyl-alpha-amino acid
Glycosyl compound
N-glycosyl compound
Monosaccharide phosphate
Alpha-amino acid or derivatives
Pentose monosaccharide
2-heteroaryl carboxamide
Imidazolyl carboxylic acid derivative
Imidazole-4-carbonyl group
Monoalkyl phosphate
N-substituted imidazole
Organic phosphoric acid derivative
Alkyl phosphate
Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
Phosphoric acid ester
Aminoimidazole
Monosaccharide
Imidazole
Heteroaromatic compound
Azole
Vinylogous amide
Tetrahydrofuran
Amino acid or derivatives
Carboxamide group
Amino acid
1,2-diol
Secondary carboxylic acid amide
Secondary alcohol
Oxacycle
Azacycle
Organoheterocyclic compound
Carboxylic acid derivative
Carboxylic acid
Alcohol
Organic oxygen compound
Carbonyl group
Organic nitrogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organic oxide
Organopnictogen compound
Amine
Primary amine
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide (CHEBI:18319 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Endogenous

Cellular Locations

Membrane

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Fibroblasts
Intestine

Pathways

Name	SMPDB Link	KEGG Link
Purine Metabolism	SMP00050	map00230
Adenylosuccinate Lyase Deficiency	SMP00167	Not Available
Purine Metabolism	SMP0000050	Not Available
Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency	SMP0000144	Not Available
Adenylosuccinate Lyase Deficiency	SMP0000167	Not Available
Gout or Kelley-Seegmiller Syndrome	SMP0000365	Not Available
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome (LNS)	SMP0000364	Not Available
Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency	SMP0000203	Not Available
Xanthine Dehydrogenase Deficiency (Xanthinuria)	SMP0000220	Not Available
Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency	SMP0000210	Not Available
AICA-Ribosiduria	SMP0000168	Not Available
Azathioprine Action Pathway	SMP0000427	Not Available
Mercaptopurine Action Pathway	SMP0000428	Not Available
Thioguanine Action Pathway (old)	SMP0000430	Not Available
Xanthinuria Type I	SMP0000512	Not Available
Xanthinuria Type II	SMP0000513	Not Available
Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency (APRT)	SMP0000535	Not Available
Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome-3	SMP0000536	Not Available
Myoadenylate Deaminase Deficiency	SMP0000537	Not Available
Mycophenolic Acid Action Pathway	SMP0122722	Not Available
Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency	SMP0125721	Not Available
Adenylosuccinate Lyase Deficiency	SMP0125722	Not Available
Gout or Kelley-Seegmiller Syndrome	SMP0125723	Not Available
Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency	SMP0125725	Not Available
Xanthinuria Type I	SMP0125727	Not Available
Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency	SMP0125728	Not Available
Xanthinuria Type II	SMP0125731	Not Available
Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency (APRT)	SMP0125732	Not Available
Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome-3	SMP0125734	Not Available
Myoadenylate Deaminase Deficiency	SMP0125735	Not Available

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

Not Available

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

White powder.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	1.73 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-1.8	ALOGPS
logP	-4.8	ChemAxon
logS	-2.4	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	1.22	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	4.54	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-4	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	13	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	8	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	263.99 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	9	ChemAxon
Refractivity	90.65 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	38.5 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	2	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	0	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	No	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-05n1-9732500000-f3a7f13b1dee5f81c7a8	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-05ot-9600116000-74a62efcb34072bbe352	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_4) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_5) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_6) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_7) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_4) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_5) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_6) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_7) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_8) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_9) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_10) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_11) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_12) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_13) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_14) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_15) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-055o-1592600000-05db249dfb0f14143f9f	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-001i-3950000000-6ebf6a64483dd1392782	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-001l-5940000000-e218e278f5195eb90341	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-0ug3-6381900000-4fec69ff813fe652ea7d	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-004j-9350000000-e4e387627fbca1ef1201	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-004i-9100000000-95f6153e96335a5d2b32	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-0f79-2012900000-f38ec5261c12799bc354	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-004i-9022000000-a24939a2980b6834f5bc	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-004i-9110000000-7f66eadbb3c3527bbc8c	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0a4i-0024900000-6f3c27fcd647c50d79d0	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0096-1293000000-d46017274b02e79e4277	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0006-3891000000-ed7da10b4a914197adb3	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Route of Exposure

Not Available

Mechanism of Toxicity

Not Available

Metabolism

Not Available

Toxicity Values

Not Available

Lethal Dose

Not Available

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Uses/Sources

This is an endogenously produced metabolite found in the human body. It is used in metabolic reactions, catabolic reactions or waste generation.

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Health Effects

Chronically high levels of SAICAR are associated with Adenylosuccinate Lyase Deficiency.

Symptoms

Not Available

Treatment

Not Available

Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

Not Available

HMDB ID

HMDB0000797

FooDB ID

FDB022251

Phenol Explorer ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

44624

BioCyc ID

P-RIBOSYL-4-SUCCCARB-AMINOIMIDAZOLE

METLIN ID

5762

PDB ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide

Chemspider ID

ChEBI ID

PubChem Compound ID

Kegg Compound ID

YMDB ID

ECMDB ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Shaw, Gordon; Thomas, Peter S.; Patey, Carole A. H.; Thomas, Susan E. Purines, pyrimidines and imidazoles. Part 50. Inhibition of adenylosuccinate AMP-lyase no. 4.3.2.2. by derivatives of N-(5-amino-1-b-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carbonyl)-L-aspartic acid 5'-phosphate (SAICAR) and virazole 5'-phosphate. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry (1972-1999) (1979), (6), 1415-24.

MSDS

Not Available

General References

1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=23086999

2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=24606918

3. Shaw, Gordon; Thomas, Peter S.; Patey, Carole A. H.; Thomas, Susan E. Purines, pyrimidines and imidazoles. Part 50. Inhibition of adenylosuccinate AMP-lyase no. 4.3.2.2. by derivatives of N-(5-amino-1-b-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carbonyl)-L-aspartic acid 5'-phosphate (SAICAR) and virazole 5'-phosphate. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry (1972-1999) (1979), (6), 1415-24.

4. Marinaki AM, Champion M, Kurian MA, Simmonds HA, Marie S, Vincent MF, van den Berghe G, Duley JA, Fairbanks LD: Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency--first British case. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2004 Oct;23(8-9):1231-3.

5. Laikind PK, Seegmiller JE, Gruber HE: Detection of 5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinylcarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole in urine by use of the Bratton-Marshall reaction: identification of patients deficient in adenylosuccinate lyase activity. Anal Biochem. 1986 Jul;156(1):81-90.

6. Race V, Marie S, Vincent MF, Van den Berghe G: Clinical, biochemical and molecular genetic correlations in adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency. Hum Mol Genet. 2000 Sep 1;9(14):2159-65.

7. Zikanova M, Krijt J, Hartmannova H, Kmoch S: Preparation of 5-amino-4-imidazole-N-succinocarboxamide ribotide, 5-amino-4-imidazole-N-succinocarboxamide riboside and succinyladenosine, compounds usable in diagnosis and research of adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2005;28(4):493-9.

8. Kmoch S, Hartmannova H, Stiburkova B, Krijt J, Zikanova M, Sebesta I: Human adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), cloning and characterization of full-length cDNA and its isoform, gene structure and molecular basis for ADSL deficiency in six patients. Hum Mol Genet. 2000 Jun 12;9(10):1501-13.

9. Wevers RA, Engelke UF, Moolenaar SH, Brautigam C, de Jong JG, Duran R, de Abreu RA, van Gennip AH: 1H-NMR spectroscopy of body fluids: inborn errors of purine and pyrimidine metabolism. Clin Chem. 1999 Apr;45(4):539-48.

10. Keller KE, Tan IS, Lee YS: SAICAR stimulates pyruvate kinase isoform M2 and promotes cancer cell survival in glucose-limited conditions. Science. 2012 Nov 23;338(6110):1069-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1224409. Epub 2012 Oct 18.

SAICAR (CHEM003241)

Structure for CHEM003241: SAICAR