4616 Heroin A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed) Internationally, heroin is controlled under Schedules I and IV of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. It is illegal to manufacture, possess, or sell heroin in the United States and the UK. However, under the name diamorphine, heroin is a legal prescription drug in the United Kingdom. 561-27-3 5462328 C21H23NO5 White powder. 173 °C 272-274 °C at 1.20E+01 mm Hg 600 mg/L (at 25 °C) Bioavailability is less than 35%. Heroin is a mu-opioid agonist. It acts on endogenous mu-opioid receptors that are spread in discrete packets throughout the brain, spinal cord and gut in almost all mammals. Heroin, along with other opioids, are agonists to four endogenous neurotransmitters. They are beta-endorphin, dynorphin, leu-enkephalin, and met-enkephalin. The body responds to heroin in the brain by reducing (and sometimes stopping) production of the endogenous opioids when heroin is present. Endorphins are regularly released in the brain and nerves, attenuating pain. Their other functions are still obscure, but are probably related to the effects produced by heroin besides analgesia (antitussin, anti-diarrheal). Hepatic. Route of Elimination: 90% renal as glucuronides, rest biliary Half Life: <10 minutes No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). Used in the treatment of acute pain, myocardial infarction, acute pulmonary oedema, and chronic pain. 2014-08-30T21:04:37Z 2026-05-14T17:01:51Z Heroin C06534 27808 DB01452 true [H][C@@]12OC3=C(OC(C)=O)C=CC4=C3[C@@]11CCN(C)[C@]([H])(C4)[C@]1([H])C=C[C@@H]2OC(C)=O C21H23NO5 InChI=1S/C21H23NO5/c1-11(23)25-16-6-4-13-10-15-14-5-7-17(26-12(2)24)20-21(14,8-9-22(15)3)18(13)19(16)27-20/h4-7,14-15,17,20H,8-10H2,1-3H3/t14-,15+,17-,20-,21-/m0/s1 GVGLGOZIDCSQPN-PVHGPHFFSA-N 369.411 369.157622851 Exogenous Solid 1.58 CHEMBL459324 4575379 CHEM003522 DTXSID6046761 (1S,5R,13R,14S,17R)-10-(acetyloxy)-4-methyl-12-oxa-4-azapentacyclo[9.6.1.0^{1,13}.0^{5,17}.0^{7,18}]octadeca-7(18),8,10,15-tetraen-14-yl acetate 65.07000000000001 98.42540000000002 37.89614763232642 4 4 0 9.09925519553095 1 5 2.30 -3.14 2.66e-01 g/l