Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2014-09-08 02:41:34 UTC
Update Date2026-04-03 08:01:42 UTC
Accession NumberCHEM003618
Identification
Common Name2-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile
ClassSmall Molecule
DescriptionThe compound 2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (also called o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile) (chemical formula: C10H5ClN2), acyanocarbon, is the defining component of a tear gas commonly referred to as CS gas, which is used as a riot control agent. CS gas is an aerosol of avolatile solvent (a substance that dissolves other active substances and that easily evaporates) and 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile, which is a solid compound at room temperature.
Contaminant Sources
  • T3DB toxins
Contaminant Type
  • Aerosol Spray Component
  • Industrial/Workplace Toxin
  • Lachrymator
  • Nitrile
  • Organic Compound
  • Organochloride
  • Synthetic Compound
Chemical Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
2 Chlorobenzylidene malonitrileHMDB
Malonotrile, O-chlorobenzylideneHMDB
O-ChlorobenzylidenemalonitrileHMDB
Ortho-chlorobenzylidenemalonitrileHMDB
CS Tear gasHMDB
Malonitrile, 2-chlorobenzylideneHMDB
2 ChlorobenzylidenemalonitrileHMDB
Malonitrile, ortho-chlorobenzylideneHMDB
Tear gas, CSHMDB
O Chlorobenzylidene malonitrileHMDB
O ChlorobenzylidenemalonitrileHMDB
O-Chlorobenzylidene malonitrileHMDB
O-Chlorobenzylidene malonotrileHMDB
Ortho chlorobenzylidenemalonitrileHMDB
Ortho-chlorobenzylidene malonitrileHMDB
2-Chlorobenzylidene malonitrileHMDB
2-ChlorobenzylidenemalonitrileHMDB
Malonitrile, O-chlorobenzylideneHMDB
O Chlorobenzylidene malonotrileHMDB
Ortho chlorobenzylidene malonitrileHMDB
2-ChlorobenzylidenemalononitrileChEMBL
Chemical FormulaC10H5ClN2
Average Molecular Mass188.613 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass188.014 g/mol
CAS Registry Number2698-41-1
IUPAC Name2-[(2-chlorophenyl)methylidene]propanedinitrile
Traditional NameCS gas
SMILES[H]C(=C(C#N)C#N)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1Cl
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C10H5ClN2/c11-10-4-2-1-3-9(10)5-8(6-12)7-13/h1-5H
InChI KeyJJNZXLAFIPKXIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as chlorobenzenes. Chlorobenzenes are compounds containing one or more chlorine atoms attached to a benzene moiety.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassBenzene and substituted derivatives
Sub ClassHalobenzenes
Direct ParentChlorobenzenes
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Chlorobenzene
  • Aryl halide
  • Aryl chloride
  • Nitrile
  • Carbonitrile
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organochloride
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
  • Plasma Membrane
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
NameSMPDB LinkKEGG Link
Oxidative phosphorylationNot Availablemap00190
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceWhite powder.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point93°C (199.4°F)
Boiling Point310°C (590°F)
SolubilityNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.034 g/LALOGPS
logP2.59ALOGPS
logP2.78ChemAxon
logS-3.7ALOGPS
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area47.58 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity51.9 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability18.14 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-000i-1900000000-6abd80c426752e489d41Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-000i-0900000000-f209ebee48221af6da72Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-000i-0900000000-5610586c26fa76dc21d8Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-03di-0900000000-60608b57fe21a4dffcecSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-000i-0900000000-6f7c3f1927f7a9941183Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-000i-0900000000-57a1cd42a19c702c4430Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-052r-1900000000-629567af18fd9e1ff647Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-000i-0900000000-660b5fed5bfa23df9dedSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-000i-0900000000-30e7cdd2bc4a55f85f5fSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-001i-0900000000-7592a6627619a15bb8cdSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-000i-0900000000-f8b7f713d0d93e47d001Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-000i-0900000000-f8b7f713d0d93e47d001Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-01ti-0900000000-8c33403761645269495fSpectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-0udi-3900000000-c5bb4d0352bed9583d09Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureNot Available
Mechanism of ToxicityOrganic nitriles decompose into cyanide ions both in vivo and in vitro. Consequently the primary mechanism of toxicity for organic nitriles is their production of toxic cyanide ions or hydrogen cyanide. Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (3)
MetabolismOrganic nitriles are converted into cyanide ions through the action of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver. Cyanide is rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the body. Cyanide is mainly metabolized into thiocyanate by either rhodanese or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase. Cyanide metabolites are excreted in the urine. (2)
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Uses/SourcesNot Available
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health Effects2-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile can cause severe pulmonary damage and damage of the heart and liver.
SymptomsSymptoms include eye irritation, tearing, burning sensation on the nose and throat, rhinorrhoea, excess salivation, constricting sensations in the chest, sneezing, coughing, and stinging or burning sensations in exposed skin.
TreatmentNot Available
Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDHMDB0245722
FooDB IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
Chemspider ID16644
ChEBI IDNot Available
PubChem Compound ID17604
Kegg Compound IDNot Available
YMDB IDNot Available
ECMDB IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSNot Available
General References
1. Barupal DK, Fiehn O: Generating the Blood Exposome Database Using a Comprehensive Text Mining and Database Fusion Approach. Environ Health Perspect. 2019 Sep;127(9):97008. doi: 10.1289/EHP4713. Epub 2019 Sep 26.